The Essential Woman






Contents:


Important Note

Copyright

The Author’s Note


Chapter 1: An Ode’s to Man’s Inspiration

Chapter 2: Sleeping with Ignorance

Chapter 3: A Perfect Reflection of Perfection

Chapter 4: The Hardest Times

Chapter 5: Power of Pain in Action

Chapter 6: The Zenith of Humanity

Chapter 7: A Salute for the Essential She


Readers’ Comments



 

 

 

 

 

Not for Sale

 

            The author has written this book after being overwhelmed by the lives of the two most remarkable women the world will ever know, Lady Fatima and Lady Zaynab. She publishes The Essential Woman independently, without recourse to any kind of financial assistance whatsoever. It is her Hadiya to Lady Fatima and Lady Zaynab, that for as long as she lives, God Willing, she will publish it herself and distribute it for free. The Essential Woman does not belong to her. Lady Zaynab has the sole ownership and it is her Grace and Power that runs this title. Anita Rai is just an instrument of Her Holiness, and she intends to publish and distribute at least 72,000 copies of this book in her lifetime. After her death, her progeny will continue to pay this homage.

 

The Essential Woman is not and will never be for sale.

 

Top

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

© 2003, 2005 by Anita Rai.

 

All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of Anita Rai.

 

Published by: ANITA RAI

 

Top

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The Essential

Woman

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

by

Anita Rai

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The Author’s Note

 

 

My dear ones,

 

            I have been asked to introduce The Essential Woman with some information about how I came to write this book. The story really has its beginnings in a serial of dreams. As I am writing this note, the days have begun to grow longer and warmer here in London. It means that now we have more light than in the cold, dark, foggy, and indifferent months of an English winter. And light is the driving force in my book. I know what you are thinking. No, it is not a coincidence. There is no such thing as coincidence and nothing happens by accident. All is as it must be.

 

            Every author is at some point asked, “Where did you get your ideas for this book?” Well, I got mine the very moment I knew I will never recover from the sheer impact of one look at the face of Muhammad, the Prophet of Islam. He looked at me and I could not help but respond to the immense grace with as much grace as I could muster up. He came to me on more than a few occasions, and even spoke to me. And in every single of these visitations and many others, in which his household members too have visited me, my soul has experienced a deluge of Light. These singularly powerful images of embodied peace and commitment are the sources of ‘my ideas’.

 

            I started working on two books simultaneously. While the other was equally busy spinning enlightening ideas through my mind, I settled for this one to be completed first. Now, to know the why of it, you have to read the other one as well. However, I am not inclined to leave your curiosity completely unappeased. I want you to know that while my whole being was whole-heartedly engrossed in the making of the other book, I was simply overtaken by the two most remarkable women the world will ever know. My heart knew that Muhammad would be nothing, but pleased with my decision to write the book meant as a dedication to these two women, only to be followed by ‘An Affair of the Heart’, in dedication to his gracious self.

 

            The Essential Woman and An Affair of the Heart are not fictions. They are literature, shaking hands with history. Without the wish to sound pedantic, this powerful combination, quite often than not results in creating very interesting prose. Such works are incomplete without their heroes or heroines. I found my heroines. And I have written this book as a humble tribute to their spirit. I can only hope that you will enjoy it as much as I enjoyed writing it.

 

One last word. Look out for my third book called, ‘Kurukshetra, Calvary. And Karbala. Dates with Destiny’ and my fourth book called, ‘Ghadeer. Government of the people, for the people, by God’. Please visit my official website www.anitarai.com. And needless to say, I need your prayers.

 

 

God bless.

 

ANITA RAI

 

Top

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

“They talk about a woman’s sphere, as though it had a limit. There’s not   a place in earth or heaven, there’s not a task to mankind given… without a woman in it.”

 

Kate Field

 

Top

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Chapter 1

 

 

INTRODUCTION

An Ode to Man’s Inspiration

 

 

            Kathleen Krull’s ‘Lives of Extraordinary Women’ (2000) makes an effort to turn the spotlight on twenty most influential women in history, from queens to warriors. The book covers Cleopatra to Isabella I and Tz’u-hsi to Eleanor of Aquitaine, Joan of Arc to Cherokee leader Wilma Mankiller, Elizabeth I, Victoria, Eleanor Roosevelt, Golda Meir, Nzingha, Eva Peron and more. However, though she talks about female rulers and female rebels, the well behaved and the not so well behaved, the beloved and the notorious, the book’s greatest weakness is the lack of presenting any appropriate role-model material. There is no single example in this book, which shows that women’s potential is unlimited. My limited knowledge tells me that there are so many women to honour - women whose contributions have touched every aspect of life, making it meaningful, rewarding, safer, freer, beautiful and worth living.

 

            As a child I was terribly impressed by Mary - the mother of Christ, Florence Nightingale, Lakshmibai - the Queen of Jhansi, Khhana - the brilliant astronomer of the Later Vedic age of India, Gargei-the exceptional scholar belonging to the Vedic Age, who put to shame those of the other sex on numerous occasions by her incredible learning, (those were the times when knowledge flourished in India and was patronised, and polytheism was less rampant) Sister Nivedita - the American Hindu missionary, Queen Razia Sultana, Elizabeth I of England, Jahanara - the beloved and brave daughter of Shah Jahan, Mother Teresa, Mrs Annie Besant, Joan of Arc and those many women unknown to history but known to me intuitively - women who have always contributed in a very big way to the achievements of human-kind. Probably they are the ones Virginia Woolf was implying when she said, “I would venture to guess that Anon, who wrote so many poems without singing them, was often a woman”. Anon is short for ‘anonymous’.  Hundreds of proverbs that have come down to us today, pearls of wisdom, wit, and dazzling insight, are mostly attributed to someone anonymous,  that ‘anonymous’ is often a woman.

 

            I was eleven when I saw the play called Anne Frank’s Diary. I was so moved by it that I started to read the book almost immediately. She said, “How wonderful it is that nobody need wait a single moment before starting to improve the world.” What an absolutely delightful thought! Almost fifteen years after watching the play, I intend to write this book in order to make a modest attempt at improving the world. I want to talk to mothers and I want to talk to sisters, who are my contemporaries, friends, and companions of fate. Oliver Wendell Holmes said, “When I think of talking, it is of course with a woman. For talking at its best being an inspiration, it wants a corresponding divine quality of receptiveness, and where will you find this but in a woman?” Thank you Mr. Holmes for such a thoughtful compliment.

 

 

            Our quality of receptiveness is indeed a divine gift. That is why we are mothers. We receive and we give so much more. A new bride simmers with hopes and dreams, and her thoughtless husband marauds everything under the zeal of lust; she receives pain and humiliation, but ends up giving pleasure to her uncouth possessor. We receive the pains of labour, new life is born. We receive with complete understanding and compassion what our children have to say. We always listen, our children talk to us. Most of the time we receive no approval - not even mere acknowledgement - from our fathers, our husbands, our brothers, even our children, but still we keep the hearth and the home safe and warm. But once in a long while a man comes along who gives compliment to the women. Compliments are accidental, as we hardly get any. Holmes is such a man. So, as one of this wonderfully complimented sex, how can I not hold the same opinion as he, and maybe even a notch higher. I want to talk to the women. But I also want to talk to my brothers because it was one of them who said, “There’s a woman at the beginning of all great things” (Alphonse de Lamartine). Eve. Remember? However, this book is not meant in the least to be, a lecture, a discourse, cold theorising, vain preaching, or in today’s consumerist culture, selling. I just wish to share my feelings, perceptions, ideas, and thoughts with you. This is just… you know, a heart to heart.

 

            When you teach a man, you teach an individual, but when you teach a woman, you teach a family, you teach a nation, you teach the world. In his essay called ‘On the Education of Women’, Daniel Defoe writes, “The whole sex is generally quick and sharp. I believe, I may be allowed to say, generally so: for you rarely see them lumpish and heavy, when they are children; as boys will often be. If a woman be well bred, and taught the proper management of her natural wit, she proves generally very sensible and retentive.

            And, without partiality, a woman of sense and manners is the finest and most delicate part of God’s creation, the glory of her Maker, and the great instance of His singular regard to man. His daring creature: to whom He gave the best gift either God could bestow or man receive. And 'tis the sordidest piece of folly and ingratitude in the world, to withhold from the sex the due lustre which the advantages of education gives to the natural beauty of their minds.

 

            A woman well bred and well taught, furnished with the additional accomplishment of knowledge and behaviour, is a creature without comparison. Her society is the emblem of sublimer enjoyments, her person is angelic, and her conversation heavenly. She is all softness and sweetness, peace, love, wit, and delight. She is every way suitable to the sublimest wish, and the man that has such a one to his portion, has nothing to do but to rejoice in her, and be thankful.” (This paragraph is significant as it describes beautifully the person this book is all about. She is much more than this. But for the start the reader is invited to etch a woman with the above characteristics in their minds in order to enable themselves to begin thinking of her.)

 

Defoe continues, “On the other hand, suppose her to be the very same woman, and rob her of the benefit of education, and it follows:

            If her temper be good, want of education makes   her soft and easy.

            Her wit, for want of teaching, makes her impertinent and talkative.

            Her knowledge, for want of judgment and experience, makes her fanciful and whimsical.

            If her temper be bad, want of breeding makes her worse; and she grows haughty, insolent, and loud.

            If she be passionate, want of manners makes her a termagant and a scold, which is much at one with Lunatic.

            If she be proud, want of discretion (which still is breeding) makes her conceited, fantastic, and ridiculous.

            And from these she degenerates to be turbulent, clamorous, noisy, nasty, the devil!”

            Sounds familiar? We all have seen both the types. While we have a love-hate relationship with the former,   we have done hardly anything proactive regarding the reformation of the latter.

 

            Till now both the male and the female reader is confused as to the orientation of my temperament in this book. They are not sure what to call me - a feminist,      a liberal, a radical, a traditionalist, an oppressor, or an oppressed? Well what can I say? I’m just a woman. And I am happy that way. Why won’t the world let us be just ourselves? I have had my fill of all the extinct, dormant and active theories, idiosyncrasies, and junks on the status of women and the hype surrounding the women’s rights and liberation and emancipation and finally empowerment. The other day, one of my friends told me, “You know, my fiancé is such a strong feminist.” I just stared at her while she kept mouthing her misgivings about the consequences, if her feminist fiancé happened to dislike her new hairstyle. She robbed me of my power of speech. Lord. Women! That brings me back to my subject.

 

            Marx said, “Anyone who knows anything of history knows that great social changes are impossible without feminine upheaval. Social progress can be measured exactly by the social position of the fair sex.” And Lady Jane Wilde said, “We have now traced the history of women from Paradise to the nineteenth century and have heard nothing through the long roll of the ages but the clank of their fetters.” These two quotations as a matter of fact will help initiate the personality I wish to talk about mostly during the course of this book. The reader’s mind has already started to sketch an outline of this woman from the paragraph of Defoe’s essay, quoted earlier. Now, the woman I will specifically talk about makes both the above said quotations true. And while talking about her we indeed do hear the loud ‘clank of her fetters’. But there is a big difference between Lady Wilde’s fettered women and this woman. Lady Wilde’s women are the scores of those who have never been independent, who have always been oppressed, who have never tasted freedom, who are eternally persecuted and doomed. Through the long roll of the ages and till date women are the only exploited group to have been idealized into powerlessness. Most of them have never woken up into the uninhibited dawn from under the painful burden of their shackles. The continual nerve-gritting sound of their chains dragging along with their tired feet is the utmost evidence of how shallow and crippled our civilization really is. We should be mortally ashamed.

 

            The woman of my book was born gloriously free, her birth welcomed, celebrated and cherished by her joyous parents, grandfather, brothers, the whole family, and the whole community actually. She enjoyed an equal upbringing in terms of education, attention, love, affection, respect and status with her brothers. Her father took her consent before she got married. She led an independent and powerful life, free in her speech, expression, thoughts, choices, opinions, and decisions. Throughout her life she had the enormously enviable privilege of having, keeping and using her maiden name, i.e., her real name all through her life - a phenomenon very rare even today, and if found anywhere is a matter of endless discussions. All this, a millennium and a half ago. No, don’t pinch yourself. It is as true as the fact that the day follows the night.

 

            The March 1972 Equal Rights Amendment reads thus: “Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any state on account of sex.” This Amendment was passed in Congress but has since failed to be ratified by the June 30, 1982 deadline. It had only been ratified by 35 of the 38 necessary states required by law. Consequently it has yet to become an Amendment to the American Constitution. So, while women in the western world (i.e. in the USA and Canada and Great Britain) had still not achieved the right to vote or obtain the ownership of property even up to World War I, this woman grew up enjoying all the rights mentioned above and more, which is not surprising given the fact that her maternal grandmother was the most prominent business magnate of her time in Arabia.

 

            I feel deep sorrow for those of my sex who have been bound and are still being bound by fetters. I sympathise with them completely. I try to do everything in my power to alleviate their misery and sadness.     And this makes me even more thankful to the Lord Almighty that although I did not escape my share of discouragement, deprecation, discrimination, betrayal and other related depressant situations inevitable in any society and the Hindu brahmanical society is no different, today I am what I have always wanted to be. A female. I would not be otherwise even if I had a choice. I am an individual in my own right. It has been a long and hard up-hill climb. I am not saying I have reached my destination, but I have found my way and I am pursuing it with everything I have. I hope it is worth the tears, the heartache, the difficulties and the struggle. But when I think of this woman, who was chained and fettered by a so very cruel nation and in a so very unfortunate age, I feel devastated.

 

Top

 

 

 

 

 

Chapter 2

 

Sleeping with Ignorance

 

 

            Our greatest fear is not that we are inadequate,   but that we are powerful beyond measure.

 

It is our light, not our darkness that frightens us.

We ask ourselves, Who am I to be brilliant,

gorgeous, handsome, talented and fabulous?

 

Actually, who are you not to be?

You are a child of God.

 

Your playing small does not serve the world.

There is nothing enlightened about shrinking

so that other people won’t feel insecure around you.

 

            We were born to make manifest the glory of God within us.

It is not just in some; it is in everyone.

 

And, as we let our own light shine, we consciously give other people permission to do the same.

As we are liberated from our fear,

our presence automatically liberates others.

 

[Our Greatest Fear from Marianne Williams’ ‘A Return to Love: Reflections on the Principles of “A Course in Miracles” ’, 1992.].

 

 

 

            Before revisiting a few well-known wounds from the worn out pages of history, which is necessary for the logical progression of the book, I wanted to share the predominant message of this poem with my friends, which is that we are sadly unaware of how powerful we really are. I hope, as we move ahead we will gain this crucial awareness and by the time we turn the final page we will know exactly how powerful we can be, and how much might the Almighty has meant for us.

 

            Encyclopaedia Britannica - ‘The very word “woman” etymologically meaning a wife (or the wife division of the human race, the female of the species Homo), sums up a long history of dependence and subordination, from which the women of to-day have only gradually emancipated themselves in such parts of the world as come under “Western civilization.” Though married life and its duties necessarily form a predominant element in the woman’s sphere, they are not necessarily the whole of it; and the “woman’s movement” is essentially a struggle for the recognition of equality of opportunity with men, and for equal rights of sex, even if special relations and conditions are willingly incurred under the form of partnership involved in marriage. The difficulties of obtaining this recognition are obviously due to historical causes combined with the habits and customs which history has produced.’ So, the story of women is essentially one of discrimination, oppression, and injustice.

 

            The Britannica also says, ‘In the Mosaic law divorce was a privilege of the husband only, the vow of a woman might be disallowed by her father or husband, and daughters could inherit only in the absence of sons, and then must marry in their tribe. The guilt or innocence of a wife accused of adultery might be tried by the ordeal of the bitter water. Besides these instances, which illustrate the subordination of women, there was much legislation dealing with, inter alia, offences against chastity, and marriage of a man with a captive heathen woman or with a purchased slave. So far from second marriages being restrained, as they were by Christian legislation, it was the duty of a childless widow to marry her deceased husband’s brother. In India subjection was a cardinal principle. “Day and night must women be held by their protectors in a state of dependence,” says Manu. The rule of inheritance was agnatic, that is, descent traced through males to the exclusion of females.       The gradual growth of strtd/iana (STREEDHANA), female wealth or property of a woman given by the husband before or after marriage, or by the wife’s family, may have led to the suttee, for both the family of the widow and the Brahmans had an interest in getting the life estate of a woman out of the way. Women in Hindu law had only limited rights of inheritance, and were disqualified as witnesses.’

 

            I am sure Moses being a prophet of God, could never have made such mean and unfair laws. This is not an uncommon case of innovations in the original religion.  And of Manu, if ever any lawmaker of this name at all existed, he disgusts me, because he is responsible to a large extent for the torture and persecution the Hindu women go through and have had to suffer for millennia. If he were alive now, he would have been tried in the International Court of Law for crimes and conspiracies against human rights.

 

            The following reference is a crucially decisive element in the chosen orientation of this book.    Catherine Beecher said “…Woman has been but little aware of the high incitements which should stimulate to the cultivation of her noblest powers. The world is no longer to be governed by physical force, but by the influence which mind exerts over mind…Woman has never wakened to her highest destinies and holiest hopes. The time is coming when educated females will not be satisfied with the present objects of their low ambition. When a woman now leaves the immediate business of her own education, how often, how generally do we find her, sinking down into almost useless inactivity. To enjoy the social circle, to accomplish a little sewing, a little reading, a little domestic duty, to while away her hours in self-indulgence, or to enjoy the pleasures of domestic life - these are the highest objects at which many a woman of elevated mind, and accomplished education aims. And what does she find of sufficient interest to call forth her cultivated energies, and warm affections? But when the cultivation and development of the immortal mind shall be presented to woman, as her especial and delightful duty, and that too whatever be her relations in life; when by example and experience she shall have learned her power over the intellect and the affections, …then we shall not find woman, returning from the precincts of learning and wisdom, to pass lightly away the bright hours of her maturing youth. We shall not so often see her, seeking the light device to embroider on muslin and lace… but we shall see her, with the delighted glow of benevolence, seeking for immortal minds, whereon she may fasten durable and holy impressions, that shall never be effaced or wear away.” (Lucretia Mott, Discourse on Women, 17 December, 1849.).

 

            For the moment I would concentrate on a particular extract from the above quotation “Woman has been but little aware of the high incitements which should stimulate to the cultivation of her noblest powers. The world is no longer to be governed by physical force, but by the influence which mind exerts over mind…Woman has never wakened to her highest destinies and holiest hopes.”

 

            Throughout the history recorded by human prejudice and humane flaws, we have had to look hard to find female role models who made an impressive dent in the contours of the world. It is not so much that history has been unable to produce exemplary women, as wisely said by Robert Graves, “If I were a girl, I’d despair. The supply of good women far exceeds that of the men who deserve them”, but they have been so slimly recognised or remembered. This is somehow an echo of Virginia Woolf’s comment, quoted earlier.        The woman of my book was not only aware of, but lived the high incitements, which should stimulate to the cultivation of her noblest powers. She particularly emphasised and ensured that the world is no longer to be governed by physical force, but by the influence which mind exerts over mind. As soon her slowly unfolding story will show, how much she has contributed to this factor of the influence which mind exerts over mind, and how dearly she paid for bequeathing this gift of refinement and elevation of the human mind to us. Here is a woman who was wide-awake to her highest destinies and holiest hopes. Beecher’s quote shows that she was unfortunately unaware of the existence of this woman. Otherwise, the knowledge that one such preceded her long before the dark middle ages would not only have delighted her enormously, but would also have made her immensely proud of her sex and its potential power. This again goes to prove the nepotism of history, which in this case is not only sexual and political, but also ideological.

 

Top

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Chapter 3

 

A Perfect Reflection of Perfection

 

 

            Approximately seven kilometres to the southeast of the capital of Syria, Damascus, there is a shrine. And its minarets, which are visible from a long distance, tell us that this is where rests Zaynab, daughter of Fatima and Ali, and the eldest of the two granddaughters of Muhammad, the Prophet of Islam.

 

            We must bear in mind an unalterable fact: that is, despite the efforts of numerous biographers, very little actual recorded historical fact is available about Zaynab. Even the exact dates of her birth, death, marriage, or number of children, cannot be ascertained with complete certainty. The reader most certainly is recollecting what I’ve said earlier about the recorded history of man. After Fadaq (the land gifted to her by her father, the Prophet) was seized from her by the people in power at that time, Fatima, accompanied by a group of women, went to the Mosque and delivered a speech there. I would like to start the remembrance of Zaynab’s life with the following extracts from her mother’s speech, the only daughter of Prophet Muhammad, and the wife of Ali, the vicegerent and successor of the Prophet of Islam. Extracts of this speech has been obtained from Odeh A. Muhawesh’s  ‘Fatima the Gracious.’

 

 

            “Praise be to Allah for that which He bestowed (upon us); and thanks be to Him for all that which He provided; from prevalent favors which He created, and abundant benefactions which He offered and perfect grants which He presented; (such benefactions) that their number is too much too plentiful to compute; bounties too vast to measure…I too bear witness that my Father, Muhammad, is His slave and Messenger, whom He chose prior to sending him, named him before selecting him, and selected him before sending him; when creatures were still concealed in that which was transcendental, guarded from that which was appalling, and associated with the termination and non-existence. For Allah the Exalted knew that which was to follow, comprehended that which will come pass, and realized the place of every Event.

 

            Allah has sent him (Muhammad) (P.B.U.H) as perfection for His commands, a resolution to accomplish His rule, and an implementation of the decrees of His Mercy. So he found the nations to vary in their faiths, obsessed by their fires, worshipping their idols, and denying Allah despite their knowledge of Him. Therefore, Allah illuminated their darkness with my father, Muhammad (P.B.U.H), uncovered obscurity from their hearts, and cleared the clouds from their insights.           He revealed guidance among the people; so he delivered them from being led astray, led them away from misguidance, guided them to the proper religion, and called them to the straight path.

 

            Allah then chose to recall him back in mercy,  love and preference. So Muhammad (P.B.U.H) is in comfort from the burden of this world, he is surrounded with devoted angels, the satisfaction of the Merciful Lord, and the nearness of the Powerful King. So may the praise of Allah be upon my father, His prophet, trusted one, the chosen one from among His creatures, and His sincere friend, and may peace and blessings of Allah be upon him.

 

            After saying so, Fatima turned towards the crowd and said:

            Surely you are Allah’s slaves at His command and prohibition; you are the bearers of His religion and revelation; you are Allah’s trusted ones with yourselves; and His messengers to the nations. Amongst you does He have righteous authority; a covenant He brought unto you, and an heir He left to guard you; That is the eloquent book of Allah; The truthful Quran; The brilliant light; The shinning beam; Its insights are indisputable, its secrets are revealed; Its indications are manifest; and its followers are blessed by it. (The Quran) leads its adherents to goodwill; and hearing it leads to salvation; with it are the bright divine authorities achieved, His manifest determination acquired, His prohibited decrees avoided; His manifest evidence recognized; His satisfying proofs made apparent, His permissions granted, and His laws written. So Allah made belief to be purification for you from polytheism.

 

            He made: Prayer an exaltation for you from conceit. Alms a purification for the soul and a (cause of) growth in subsistence. Fasting an implantation of devotion. Pilgrimage a construction of religion. Justice a harmony of the hearts. Obeying us (Ahlul Bayt) management of the nation. Our leadership (Ahlul Bayt) safeguard from disunity. Jihad (struggle) A strengthening of Islam…

 

            O People! Be informed that I am Fatima, and my father is Muhammad (P.B.U.H). I say that repeatedly and initiated it continually; I say not what I say mistakenly,   nor do I do what I do aimlessly. Now hath come unto you an Apostle from amongst yourselves; it grieves him that you should perish; ardently anxious is he over you; to the believers he is most kind and merciful. Thus, if you identify and recognize him, you shall realize that he is my father and not the father of any of your women, the brother of my cousin*  [Ali (P.B.U.H)].

 

            Thus, he propagated the Message, by coming out openly with the warning, and while inclined away from the path of the polytheists, struck their strengths and seized their throats, while he invited (all) to the way of his Lord with wisdom and beautiful preaching; He destroyed idols, and defeated heroes, until their group fled and turned their backs. So night revealed its dawn; righteousness uncovered its genuineness; the voice of the religious authority spoke out loud; the evil discords were silenced; The crown of the hypocrisy was diminished; the tightening of infidelity and desertion were united, so you spoke the statement of devotion amongst a band of starved ones; and you were on the edge of a hole of fire; (you were) the drink of the thirsty one; the opportunity of the desiring one; the fire brand of him who passes in haste; the step for feet; you used to drink from the water gathered on roads; eat jerked meat.

 

            You were despised outcasts always in fear of abduction from those around you. Yet, Allah rescued you through my father, Muhammad (P.B.U.H); after much ado, and after he was confronted by mighty men the Arab beasts, and the demons of the people of the Book, who, whenever they ignited the fire of war, Allah extinguished it; and whenever the thorn of the devil appeared, or the mouth of the polytheists opened wide in defiance, he (P.B.U.H) would strike its discords with his brother (Ali, P.B.U.H) who comes not back until he treads its wing with the sole of his feet, and extinguishes its flames with his sword.

 

            Ali is diligent in Allah’s affairs, near to the Messenger of Allah. A master among Allah’s worshipers, setting to work briskly, sincere in his advice, earnest and exerting himself (in service of Islam); while you are calm, gay, and feeling safe in your comfortable lives, waiting for us to meet disasters, awaiting the spread of news, you fell back during every battle, and took to your heels at times of fighting. Yet, when Allah chose His prophet from the dwell of His prophets, and the abode of His sincere (servants); The thorns of hypocrisy appeared on you, the garments of faith became worn out, the misguided ignorant(s) spoke out, the sluggish ignorant came to the front and brayed. The he camel of the vain wiggled his tail in your courtyards and the Devil stuck his head from its place of hiding and called upon you, he found you responsive to his invitation, and observing his deceits. He then aroused you and found you quick (to answer him), and invited you to wrath, therefore; you branded other than your camels and proceeded to other than your drinking places. Then while the era of the prophet was still near, the gash was still wide, the scar had not yet healed, and the messenger was not yet buried.

 

            A quick undertaking as you claimed, aimed at preventing discord (trial); surely they have fallen into trial already! And indeed Hell surrounds the unbelievers. How preposterous! What an idea! What a falsehood! For Allah’s Book is still amongst you, its affairs are still apparent; its rules are manifest; its signs are dazzling; its restrictions are visible, and its commands are evident. Yet, indeed you have cast it behind your backs!

 

            What! Do you detest it? Or according to something else you wish to rule? Evil would be the exchange for the wrongdoers! And if anyone desires a religion other than Islam (submission to Allah) it never will be accepted from him; and in the hereafter he will be in ranks of those who have lost. Surely you have not waited until its stampede seized, and it became obedient. You then started arousing its flames, instigating its coal, complying with the call of the misled devil, quenching the light of the manifest religion, and extinguished the light of the sincere prophet. You concealed sips on forth and proceeded towards his (the prophet’s) kin and children in swamps and forests (you plot against them in deceitful ways), but we are patient with you as is we are notched with knives and stung by spearheads in our abdomens. Yet - now you claim - that there is not inheritance for us!

 

            What! Do they then seek after a judgment of the days of ignorance? But how, for a people whose faith is assured, can give better judgment than Allah? Don’t you know? Yes, indeed it is obvious to you that I am his daughter.

 

            O Muslims! Will my inheritance be usurped? O son of Abu Quhafeh! Where is it in the Book of Allah that you inherit your father and I do not inherit mine? Surely you have come up with an unprecedented thing. Do you intentionally abandon the Book of Allah and cast it behind your back? Do you not read where it says: “And Sulaiman inherited Dawood”? And when it narrates the story of Zakaria and says: “So give me an heir as from thyself; (One that) will inherit me, and inherit the posterity of Yaqoob” And: “But kindred by blood have prior rights against each other in the Book of Allah” And: “Allah (thus) directs you as regards your children’s (inheritance) to the male, a portion equal to that of two females” And: “…If he leaves any goods, that he make a bequest to parents and next of kin, according to reasonable usage; this is due from the pious ones.” You claim that I have no share! And that I do not inherit my father! What! Did Allah reveal a (Quranic) verse regarding you, from which He excluded my father? Or do you say? These (Fatima and her father) are the people of two faiths; they do not inherit each other? Are we not, me and my father, a people adhering to one faith? Or is it that you have more knowledge about the specifications and generalizations of the Quran than my father and my cousin* (Imam Ali)? So, here you are! Take it! (ready with) its nose roped and saddled! But it shall encounter you on the Day of Gathering; (thus) What a wonderful judge is Allah, a claimant is Muhammad, and a day is the day of Rising.

 

            At the time of the Hour shall the wrongdoers lose; and it shall not benefit you to regret (your actions) then! For every message there is a time limit, and soon shall ye know who will be inflicted with torture that will humiliate him, and who will be confronted by an everlasting punishment.

 

            Fatima then turned towards the Ansars and said:  O you people of intellect! The strong supporters of the nation! And those who embraced Islam; What is this shortcoming in defending my right? And what is this slumber (while you see) injustice (being done towards me)? Did not the messenger of Allah (P.B.U.H), my father, used to say: “A man is upheld (remembered) by his children”? O how quick have you violated (his orders)! How soon have you plotted against us? But you still are capable (of helping me in my attempt), and powerful (to help me in that which I request and in my pursuit of it). Or do you say: Muhammad (P.B.U.H) has perished; surely this is a great calamity; Its damage is excessive, its injury is great, Its wound is much too deep to heal, The earth became darkened with his departure; the stars eclipsed for his calamity; hopes were seized; mountains submitted; sanctity was violated, and holiness was encroached upon after his death. Therefore, this, by Allah, is the great affliction  which is the like of it; nor will there be sudden misfortune (as surprising as this). The Book of Allah,  excellent in praising him - announced in the courtyards (of your houses) in the place where you spend your evenings and mornings; A call, A cry, A recitation, and (verses) in order: It had previously come upon His (Allah’s) Prophets and Messengers; (for it is) a decree final, and a predestination fulfilled; “Muhammad is not but an Apostle: Many were the apostles that passed away before him. If he died or was slain will ye then turn back on your heels? If any did turn back on his heels, not the least harm will he do to Allah; but Allah (on the other hand) will swiftly reward those who (serve Him) with gratitude.”

 

            O you people of reflection; will I be usurped the inheritance of my father while you hear and see me?     (and while) You are sitting and gathered around me?     You hear my call, and are included in the (news of the) affair? You are numerous and well equipped! (You have) the means and the power, and the weapons and the shields. Yet, the call reaches you but you do not answer; the cry comes to you but you do not come to help? (This) While you are characterized by struggle, known for goodness and welfare, the selected group (which was chosen), and the best ones chosen by the Messenger (P.B.U.H) for us, Ahlul-Bayt. You fought the Arabs,       bore with pain and exhaustion, struggled against the nations, and resisted their heroes. We were still, so were you, in ordering you, and you in obeying us. So that Islam became triumphant, the accomplishment of the days came near, the fort of polytheism was subjected, the outburst of fabrication subsided, the flames of infidelity calmed down, and the system of religion was well ordered. Thus, (why have you) become confused after clearness? Conceal matters after announcing them? Turned on your heels after daring? Associated (others with Allah) after believing? Will you not fight people who violated their oaths? Plotted to expel the Apostle and became aggressive by being the first to assault you? Do ye fear them? Nay, it is Allah Whom ye should more justly fear, if you believe?

 

            Nevertheless, I see that you are inclined to easy living; dismissed he who is more worthy of guardianship (Ali, P.B.U.H.); you secluded yourselves with meekness and dismissed that which you accepted. Yet, if you show ingratitude, ye and all on earth together - yet, Allah free of all wants, worthy of all praise. Surely, I have said all that I have said with full knowledge that you intend to forsake me, and knowing the betrayal, which your hearts sensed. But, it is the state of the soul, the effusion of fury, the dissemination of (what is) the chest and the presentation of the proof. Hence, here it is! Bag it (leadership and) put it on the back of an ill she camel, which has a thin hump, with everlasting grace, marked with the wrath of Allah, and the blame of ever (which leads to) the Fire of (the wrath of) Allah kindled (to a blaze), that which doth mount (right) to the hearts. For, Allah witnesses what you do, and soon will the unjust assailants know what vicissitudes their affairs will take!! And I am the daughter of a Warner (the Prophet, P.B.U.H) to you against a severe punishment. So, act and so will we, and wait, and we shall wait.”

 

            Does this speech in any way seem, relative, incomprehensible, distant, irrelevant or foreign, given a gap of almost fifteen hundred years? Does the fact that it was delivered by a woman in any way diminish the intensity, the charisma, the passion, the pain, the power, the inspiration, the honesty, the integrity, the eloquence, the dignity and the substance of a person who has been wronged beyond measure? Undoubtedly, the most tragic event of Fatima’s life was the demise of her father. She was very concerned about the future of the society, and the direction the Islamic affairs were taking after this incident. Fatima began a campaign of political activism and advocacy, because on one hand the question of leadership and the future of Islam and on the other, the unity of the Islamic society were at stake. This speech is, in spirit and content, a political lecture. Fatima determinedly adopted a strategy of promoting awareness in order to inform the people of her concerns, as the daughter of the Prophet. This speech shows that Fatima displayed her political insight and concern. It is evident that she fulfilled her role in the highest level of decision making in the society of her time. She was an independent individual in her own right, not just the wife of Ali, who himself is an unquestionable authority on Islam. Both were extremely worried given the immediate political trends in Islam, and opposed this trend, which began after the demise of Muhammad. Fatima believed in decisive advocacy and open opposition.

 

            Fatima used to allocate the income of Fadaq to poor and downtrodden families. The way Fatima managed Fadaq, it became a major economic resource. Fatima and Ali spent the income from Fadaq for the welfare of the society. So, in effect, they introduced the system of welfare in the economy. Fatima was summoned to the court within the mosque to justify her claims to Fadaq. For Fatima, Fadaq symbolised her economic rights and the economic rights of women in Islam. Her lecture comprises of the remembrance and the unity of God; the role of the Prophet; principles of Islamic edicts; an intensive analysis of the current trends and developments in the Islamic society; her right of inheritance to her father’s property, including Fadaq; the responsibilities and commitments of a true Muslim. Fatima obviously sought to revive the ideals and fundamentals of Islam, which she found to be distorted and manhandled. Therefore, this speech is much more than a philosophical discourse in defending her rights to inheritance. The speech is emblematic of women’s rights of political freedom, their rights of freedom of expression for personal and social well being, and most importantly their economic rights. This speech not only gives us a taste of the depth and vastness of her knowledge, but also is a witness of her analytical capabilities in exposing the then political undercurrents and in proving and confirming the correctness of her position. Fatima’s speech transcends the constrictions of time, place, and context, and appears as vibrant and as moving as when actually delivered.

 

            In Fatima is Fatima, Dr. Ali Shariati writes, “There is only one person buried in the Ka’ba, the ‘House of God’ and that is a woman, a slave Hajra, the second wife of Abraham and the mother of Ismail. Fatima spent her life in struggle, resisting poverty and difficulties. Her father was forced to spend three years in a valley with his family when his tribe imposed economic and social sanctions against his message of Islam. After the migration to Medina, her new life as a married woman begins but she continues to face the same hardships and difficulties that she encountered since childhood. We learn of Fatima as a Muslim female child who defends her father against the elders of her tribe. Fatima is the one who, holding her fathers’ hand, accompanies him into the bazaar, listens to his debates and walks with him to her home; Fatima, the Muslim woman, who stands at the door and defends her husband and her home when usurpers try to burn it down. Fatima tells the newly elected Caliph that he has displeased God and God’s Prophet by not listening to the Prophet’s advice and taking his own interests to heart. Fatima, who when she finds injustice and oppression speaks out with the totality of her being, not fearing the outcome of her words for she knows she speaks with the tongue of Truth.”

 

            The woman of my book, Zaynab, is the daughter of this Fatima. It is not difficult to comprehend the kind of cradle Zaynab grew up in, which was rocked by the hands of Fatima; what Zaynab must have absorbed into her being and her veins, when the milk of Fatima nursed her; what Zaynab’s soul was imprinted with, when Fatima looked lovingly into her eyes; what Zaynab’s mind was affected with, when the voice of Fatima spoke to her, caressed her, taught her, lulled her to sleep, prayed for her. Zaynab - the daughter of such a mother, such a woman, such a wife, such a daughter, such an educator, and such an activist! Someone of our generation would think that it is incredibly hard and threatening to grow up in the shadow of such a mother. Well, for Zaynab it was different. She thought herself to be extremely fortunate that she grew up looking up to such high standards set for her by Fatima and that she successfully measured up to them, matched them in her own distinctive way and excelled herself in meeting the expectations her family, and especially her mother, had of her. What she has done has surpassed every other woman known to man, from before the dawn of civilization to this very day, and till the moment of time when nothing will be. Zaynab - the reflection of Fatima. Zaynab - the mirror image of Fatima. Zaynab - the woman with the soul of Fatima. The beauty of Fatima blooms in Zaynab. Or one can say, the essence of Fatima breathes in Zaynab.

 

Top

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Chapter 4

 

The Hardest Times

 

 

 

            I wanted to quote Fatima before I would actually start to narrate the information on Zaynab’s life that I have so far come across, because there are another two speeches at the heart of this book, which were delivered by Zaynab. What Zaynab has managed to accomplish is incredible and wonderful. Now, that you know what and how could Fatima speak, you would find it very natural and believable when you find Zaynab speak. It runs in their genes. But you would not believe when you see what preceded the speech of Zaynab. Before I go further, I wish to the Almighty that no one should go through what Zaynab went through, and that no one should be put through what she was put through, especially a woman, the most sublime of His creation.

 

            In 5 A.H (after hijrat - after the year of migration from Mecca to Medina) Zaynab was born. Hussain, her brother who was three years old then, was delighted and said to Ali, “O father, God has given me a sister.” His father started crying, and when asked by Hussain for its reason, was told that he would soon come to know of it. Zaynab’s parents did not name her immediately as they wanted Muhammad to name her and he was away from   the city.

 

            At his return, the Prophet held his eldest granddaughter in his lap and kissed her. Gabriel, the angel, came to him and conveyed the name that was to be Zaynab and began weeping. Muhammad asked him of the reason of his crying, and was told, “O Prophet of God, from early on in life this girl will remain entangled in tribulations and trials in this world. First she will weep over your separation (from this world); thereafter she will bemoan the loss of her mother, then her father, and then her brother Hassan. After all this she will be confronted with the trials of the land of Karbala and the tribulations of that lonely desert, as a result of which her hair will turn grey and her back will be bent.”

 

            When Muhammad’s family heard of this prophecy, they burst into tears. Now Hussain understood the reason why his father wept earlier. Muhammad named his granddaughter Zaynab. One day, when she was about five years old, Zaynab saw a strange dream. She saw that a turbulent storm rose in the city and it cast the earth and the sky into darkness. And the little Zaynab was tossed from place to place, and suddenly she found herself stuck in the branches of a huge tree. But the storm uprooted the tree. Zaynab caught hold of a branch. It broke. She caught hold of another. It broke. In panic she grabbed two twigs. These two broke. Zaynab started falling. There was no support.

 

            She woke up. When Muhammad heard this from her, he wept bitterly. He said, “O my daughter, that tree is me who is shortly going to leave this world. The branches are your father Ali and your mother Fatima, and the twigs are your brothers Hassan and Hussain. They will all depart this world before you do, and you will suffer their separation and loss.”

 

            Zaynab was barely seven years old when Fatima passed away, soon after the Prophet himself. While still a young girl, Zaynab was fully capable of running her father’s household. She cared more for the comforts of her brothers and sisters than herself. She was extremely generous to the poor, the orphans and the needy. After her marriage, her husband is reported to have said, “Zaynab is the best housewife.”

 

            From very early in her life, Zaynab had an unusually strong bond with her brother, Hussain. Sometimes while as a baby her mother would not be able to pacify Zaynab, she would be so immediately if Hussain would hold her. Zaynab would look at Hussain’s face before she prayed. Fatima spoke to Muhammad about Zaynab’s intense love for Hussain. The Prophet sighed deeply and with moist eyes said, “My dear child, this child of mine, Zaynab, would be confronted with a thousand and one calamities and face serious hardships in Karbala.”

 

            Zaynab married her first cousin, Abdullah, the son of Ali’s brother, Jafar. After the death of Jafar, as long as Muhammad was alive, Abdullah grew up under his personal supervision, and afterwards Ali became his guardian and supporter. Zaynab’s husband was a handsome young man of knowledge, courage, generosity, and pleasant manners. Zaynab and Abdullah had five children; four sons - Ali, Aun, Muhammad, and Abbas; one daughter, Umm Kulthum.

 

            Zaynab held regular classes, where she shared her knowledge with other women, and taught them her grandfather’s religion, Islam. Her meetings were well attended by the women. Zaynab soon came to be known as Fasihah (skilfully fluent) and Balighah (intensely eloquent) for her quality to impart knowledge with exceptional clarity and eloquence. In 37 A.H. Ali moved the government seat from Medina to Kufa, when he finally became the fourth Caliph. Zaynab and Abdullah also accompanied him. Her reputation, as an inspiring teacher had preceded her. And women of Kufa started benefiting from Zaynab’s erudition, wisdom, and scholarship in the exegesis of the Quran. It was this depth and accuracy of knowledge, which earned her the name Alimah Ghayr Mu’allamah (she who has knowledge without being taught), given to her by her nephew, Ali Zayn-ul-Abidin, the eldest son and successor of Hussain.

 

            On 19 Ramadan in 40 A.H. Ali went to the central mosque of Kufa for prayers. Soon after the call to prayers, Zaynab heard a heart-rending cry. The noise and cries were coming nearer to her home and she knew that they were bringing her the news of her father’s assassination. The assassin was Ibn Muljim who struck Ali a fatal blow deep in his head while he was in the state of devotional prostration. His followers carried him home on their shoulders wrapped in a blanket. On 21 Ramadan, just after two days of the attack, Ali breathed his last. Hassan, his eldest child said, “Tonight such a great man has died with whose good conduct no one in the past or in the future can compare. He fought holy wars side by side with the Holy Prophet, and made his life a shield for him. The Prophet used to make him a standard bearer of the army while the angels Jibra’il walked on his right and Mika’il on his left. He never came back from any war without victory. At the time of his death he left nothing save seven hundred dirhams with which he had intended to provide the people of his house a servant.”

 

            Even after being the brother and the vicegerent of the Prophet, the only son-in-law of the Prophet, and the Caliph of the Islamic world for almost five years, Ali’s household remained incapable of securing the service of a domestic servant, which even a common citizen can afford. There is a lot in this house that would seem otherwise strange, if not properly studied and understood. A bereaved Zaynab returned with her husband to Medina. Approximately ten years later, she lost Hassan, who was another victim of the greedy and power-lusty Umayyads. Muawiya was determined to convert the Caliphate into hereditary kingship, which would facilitate in retaining the seat of power within the Umayyads. He could only achieve this by securing allegiance of the Muslims for Yazid, his son. Hence, he eliminated Hassan by feeding him poison from the hands of one of Hassan’s wives.

 

            The responsibility and the right of leadership of the nation passed on to Hussain, the younger brother of Hassan. But everything was done to hamper the situation. Within six years of Hassan’s death, Muawiya started to persuade, cajole, tempt, bribe, threatens, and even eliminate people to compel them to swear allegiance to Yazid. The people did so willingly or unwillingly. Only five men refused to give allegiance to Yazid. Hussain was one of them. Muawiya failed to pressurise Hussain, who opposed the oppressive and unethical regime of the Umayyads. If the rule of Mu’awiya, the son of Abu Sufian, the Prophet Muhammad’s most bitterly adamant enemy in Mecca, had been offensive to some good Mulims, the accession of Yazid, a drunkard and a lecher who openly ridiculed and flouted the fundamentals of Islam, was an outrage. In Kufa the people began to stir once more and soon letters and messengers were arriving in Medina, urging Hussain to come to Kufa and assume leadership there. In 60 A.H. the Bani Hashim (the clan of Abu Talib, Muhammad, Ali, Hassan and Hussain, descendants of Hashim) were confronted with the issue of Yazid’s Caliphate. Yazid refused to be as patient as Muawiya. The day after his father died, Yazid wrote to Walid ibn Utha ibn Abu Sufian, the governor of Medina, instructing him to pursue Hussain, Abdullah ibn Umar, and Abdullah ibn Zubair, and force them to swear allegiance to him. Hussain refused. At the behest of the oppressed people of Kufa, who led him to believe that there were many of them who wanted to oppose the tyranny of the transgressing Umayyads, he decided to go to Kufa.

 

            Because of the pressure from Walid, Hussain moved from Medina to Mecca. He sent his cousin Muslim ibn Aqil as his emissary to Kufa to assess the situation. Despite some encouraging reports from Muslim, Hussain was warned by some of his followers against going to Kufa as the Kufians had earlier proved to be weak and fickle in their support for Ali and Hassan.

 

            But Hussain decided to leave for Kufa with his family. Zaynab learnt of Hussain’s decision and requested her husband to allow her to accompany him in his proposed journey. Abdullah apprised Zaynab of the danger and hardships associated with this journey. Zaynab told him, “My mother did not leave me behind to watch from afar as recreation the day when my brother is all alone, surrounded by enemies with no friend or supporter. You know that for fifty-five years my brother and I have never been separated. Now it is the time of our old age and the closing period of our lives. If I leave him now, how shall I be able to face my mother, who at the time of her death had willed, ‘Zaynab, after me you are both mother and sister for Hussain’? It is obligatory for me to stay with you, but if I do not go with him at this time, I shall not be able to bear the pain of separation.” Abdullah who, because of his illness, was unable to accompany Hussain, gave Zaynab his permission to do so. He sent two of his sons, Aun and Muhammad, with her. Zaynab left with Hussain and his family for Kufa. After the first day of their journey, they camped at Khuzaymiyyah to spend the night. As Zaynab was taking care of Hussain’s comforts, he said to her, “What will come to pass has long since been decreed.” After they resumed their journey, they found their way obstructed by Hur ibn Yazid Riahi at Ruhayma. Sakina, the youngest daughter of Hussain saw this and informed Zaynab of the situation. Zaynab wept and said, “Would that the enemy killed all of us rather than slay my brother.” Hussain came to know of Zaynab’s distress and went to see her in her tent. She told him, “O my brother, talk to them. Tell them about your closeness to the Holy Prophet and of your kinship with him.” Hussain replied, “O sister, I spoke to them at length.  I tried to convince them but they are so immersed in misguidance and obsessed with greed that they cannot set aside their evil intentions. They will not rest till they have killed me and seen me rolling around in my blood. O sister, I advise you to patiently endure the forthcoming troubles. My grandfather, the Holy Prophet had told me of my martyrdom, and his foretelling cannot be untrue.”

 

            On the 2nd of Muharram, Hussain’s party reached Karbala. But the people who had originally invited and begged him to come to Kufa were no longer standing by him. Yazid appointed Ibn Ziyad, the governor of Kufa for the task of subverting the plans of the Kufians and to cunningly eliminate any one showing support for Hussain. When the task was successfully done, troops were sent to meet Hussain at Karbala.

 

            Hussain’s side had their tents pitched. At night, while cleaning his sword, Hussain was reciting couplets foretelling his martyrdom. His son Zayn-ul-Abidin listened to him in sorrowful silence. Zaynab heard Hussain’s recitation. She went to his tent and prayed that death would overtake her. Zaynab asked Hussain, whether she might be killed in his place. When she heard him say ‘no’, she lost consciousness. When she regained it, Hussain said, “Everything is mortal. The final word lies with God and to Him is the return. My father and grandfather were better men than I but where are they now? Their example is the standard for me and for all Muslims.” After saying this Hussain tried to console her and took her to the tent of Zayn-ul-Abidin. Zaynab was however, unable to find any solace. Hence, she came to be known as Baakiyah (the one who weeps).

 

            On the eve of 10th of Muharram, Hussain addressed his followers, who comprised of both friends and family - the Ansar and the Bani Hashim. He knew that this was going to be a battle unto death. Therefore, he relieved them of all obligations to remain by his side. He told them that, were they to avoid getting involved in this battle and return to safety, their decision would not be grudged.  There was not any doubt in anyone’s mind of the impending slaughter. How hard it is to remain calm and engage one’s thoughts only in prayers, all the while knowing that one is to loose inevitably everyone and everything in the monstrous hands of one’s own people? Zaynab has shown the world that this crisis too can be surmounted by sheer faith in the Power of God, and in total submission to His Will for the establishment of truth.

 

            Umar ibn Sa’d, on the insistence of Shimr, prepared to attack the handful of Hussain’s men. As soon as Zaynab heard the battle cries of the approaching enemy troops, she ran to Hussain’s tent. There, she found that he had fallen asleep while cleaning his sword. She stood there watching him. Hussain woke up. He saw that Zaynab was watching him silently. He told her that he just had a dream and he saw his grandfather, his father, his mother, and his elder brother telling him that he would soon join them. When he saw that this has distressed Zaynab very much, he said to her, “The blessings of God are upon you. Do not worry about the troubles these wretched people will cause.”

 

            The sun of the 10th of Muharram came up to attest the truth in Margaret Mead’s saying, “Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful committed citizens can change the world. Indeed, it is the only thing that ever has.” Hussain went int